The Issue of Palestinian Refugees Right of Return

The Issue of Right of Return of the Palestinian Refugees The problem is that Israelis and Palestinians are divided over the more than 4 million Palestinian refugees who insist on returning to the homes that they lost during the 1948 and later during the 6-Day War in 1967. Palestinians claim that these were their homes and they have a right to return to them Israelis, on the other hand, generally, find the idea of such an exponential return of Palestinians to the heart of Israel frightening since it may override the ratio of balance of Palestinians to Israelis as well as importing possible terrorism (e.g. Quandt, 2005) The refuge problem first initiated with the 1948 War Which Israelis dub the War of Independence and Palestinians call the Nakba when some 700,000 Arab residents (85%) left their home, some voluntarily, others forced, finding refuge in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the Gaza Strip, which was then administered by Egypt. Others were left homeless in Israel. (Brynen, 2007) whilst the Six-Day War caused a further flight of 280,000 to 325,000 Palestinians from Israeli won territory. The Oslo Accords in 1993, negotiated by the EU, Israel, and the US, recognized a Palestinian state under the Fatah party (led by Yasser Arafat) and established that the Palestinian refugees would be controlled by this rule. They also planned to solve the refugee problem (largely by monetary compensation) by 1996. Unrest and terrorism, as well as internal conflict on the solution,Show MoreRelatedDisagreements on the Negotiation Process of the Camp David Summit1325 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Summit was not pressed on toward the disagreement, it was pressed on Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. In this paper, it will mention about blaming Arafat, disagreement on the â€Å"right of return†, Disagreement on Land swap, and disagreement on the proposed map as the reason for the failure at Camp David Summit. Most of the criticism for the failure at Camp David negotiations was pressed on the Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. He was the main reason that the summit failedRead MoreThe Israeli Palestinian Conflict And The Northern Ireland905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Northern Ireland case had many similar elements in conflict drivers and elements that gave rise to conflict; however ,the two cases also had differing salient points. The Israelis were a diasporic community while the Ulsters in Northern Ireland were a minority group living on their own land. The Palestinian and Israeli saw each other as more of a threat than the unionist and nationalists saw each other in Northern Ireland. The Northern Ireland crisis did notRead MoreConflicting Narratives Of The Israeli Palestinian Conflict1737 Words   |  7 PagesConflicting narratives in the Israeli Palestinian conflict Any reference to conflict turns history into a reservoir of blame. In the presence of conflict, narratives differ and multiply to delegitimize the opponent and to justify one’s own action. Narratives shape social knowledge. The Israeli Palestinian conflict, both Jews and Muslims, view the importance of holding the territories through religious, ideological, and security lenses, based on belief that Palestine was given by divine providenceRead MoreIsraeli Security Concerns2903 Words   |  12 Pagesto the issue of Israels refugee problem. The essay addresses the security issue of the Right of Return where more than 4 million Palestinian termed refugees clamor to return to their homes that they were displaced from during the 1948 war. Whilst Palestinians demand the right to return to their Israeli-located homes under the right of United Nations General Assembly article 11 of Resolution 194, Israelis fear the displacement of their state by a huge and exponential number of Pales tinian refugeesRead MoreThe Central Problems Of International Politics1721 Words   |  7 Pagesinternational relations issues. Representing the country of Lebanon in the Model Arab League, it was necessary to consider Lebanon’s stance on certain issues such as the current refugee crisis as well as the funds needed to support the refugees and identifying ways to achieve cooperation. Lebanon, officially known as the Lebanese Republic, is a sovereign country located in Western Asia. The Council on Palestinian Affairs is charged with evaluating and responding to the overabundance of issues involving theRead MoreThe Arab-Israeli Conflict1427 Words   |  6 Pagescentermost issues facing the Middle East today. The conflict itself has spawned a number of wars, myriad militant skirmishes, and several embargos, as well as a lasting peace between Israel and a number of its former opponents. The conflict today is waged primarily between Israelis and the Arab Palestinians that inhabit Israeli territory. The Arab-Israeli dispute is rooted in the separate movements of Zionism and Arab-nationalism. Zionism is an historical movement of the Jewish people to return to whatRead MoreThe United Nations and Its Humanitarian, Peace and Security, and Economic and Social Agencies1641 Words   |  7 PagesHumanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator 9. The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees -UNHCR 10. The World Food Program -WFP 11. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East -UNRWA 12. PEACE AND SECURITY AGENCIES 13. Department of Political Affairs- DPA 14. Department of Peacekeeping Operations- DPKO 15. Department for Disarmament Affairs Disarmament Issues- DDA 16. ECONOM#304;C AND SOC#304;AL AGENCIES 17. Department of Economic and Social Affairs-Read MoreThe Suffering of the Jews in the Holocaust1057 Words   |  5 Pagesholocaust and deserved to reclaim their once homeland, Israel. Since the Jews were left homeless after World War II they have a right to reestablish Israel. â€Å"The suffering of the Jews in the Holocaust†¦ The United Nations decision to carve out a Jewish State was motivated in large part by sympathy for the devastation inflicted on European Jews† (Guardia 155). â€Å"Palestinians have usually regarded the holocaust as a propaganda tool used to deny them their own national aspirations. They have variouslyRead MoreEssay on The Main Obstacles to Peace2660 Words   |  11 PagesThe Main Obstacles to Peace There has been violence in the Middle East for the past 60 years, and there still seems to be no hope of a compromise between the Palestinians and the Israelis. In order for a peace settlement to work, both sides must agree to it, and must overcome the four main barriers which stand in the way. They must reach a compromise over the city of Jerusalem, showing it should be controlled by both peoples because of the joint history between themRead MoreThe Israeli Palestinian Conflict, By Benjamin Netanyahu1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be seen from different perspectives, one of them being from the Likud party in the Israeli government. In particular, there are stances that Likud takes on the conflict. Right now, Benjamin Netanyahu is the Israeli Prime Minister, and his current approach to dealing with the conflict differs from the approach taken in 2009. The Likud party is considered hardliner and right-winged, meaning that it is harder to compromise with this political party due to their strict

Marketing Effectiveness Of Quality Of The Brands And The...

The customer’s satisfaction is based on the marketing effectiveness of quality of the brands and the advertisements. This measurement is calculated as [average brand judgment/100 + average ad judgment/100]/2. The scoring ranges from 0 to 1.0 in which a good score will be rated more than 0.8.Our company’s current marketing effectiveness rating is: [52/100 + 61/100]/2 = 0.57. This is broken down to the following averages: target segments best brand judgments = (54 + 50)/2 = 52; first segment highest brand judgment: 54; second segment highest brand judgment: 50; target segments best ad judgments = (57 + 65)/2 = 61; first segment highest ad judgment: 57; second segment highest ad judgment: 65. An independent ad-copy rating service called the International Advertising Federation has ranked our overall advertising evaluations across the consumer industries as poor. In order to attract more customer attention, the ads need to convince our targeted market that we have what they want and need. In order to do this, the market segments must have better advertisement messages. The best method to do this is to either revise the existing ads or design new ones that focus exactly on what the customers are asking for. A good strategy is to evaluate the success of our competitor’s ads and mimic what they have strategized. If we can get our ad copy judgments to measure a rating of at least 60, then the ads are good and a rating of 100 will mean the customers are completely satisfiedShow MoreRelatedPopping Up. The Business Week.Com Indicates Banner Advertisements1172 Words   |  5 Pagespopping up. The business week.com indicates banner advertisements on Facebook largely re ceives one-fifth the sum of clicks compared to those on the Web overall. For example, when Google users click the first ad for search results an average of 8% times (80,000 clicks for each one million searches), users of Facebook click on advertisements for an average of 0.04% times (400 clicks for each one million pages) Usually Facebook users are aged 25 and older who are quick in adapting the social interactingRead MoreThe Consumer Attitudes Towards Brands Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesin advertising campaigns. For instance, the demands for remunerations by celebrities are rising with many celebrities endorse several brands at the same time and may at times, shift their endorsement to competing brands. The recent negative publicity generated by some celebrities increase the risk of negative returns; however, since the use of celebrities for brand promotion is constantly practiced by sponsors, it depicts the wide-scale belief that the estimated incremental monetary gain from ce leb-endorsementsRead MoreUse Of Psychological Manipulation And Cognitive Abilities Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of psychological manipulation and cognitive abilities in advertisements is a common way of improving brand image and consumer loyalty in the market. Some techniques are currently employed to this end, including conscious and subliminal priming. Priming is the manipulation of past exposure and the acquired stimuli to influence later impulsive consumption patterns in consumers. However, the impact of priming remains unclear especially if the existing two methods are used in isolation with increasingRead MoreNike : Just Do It1385 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, everything we buy has a message behind it. Advertisements are filled with motivational, emotional, and spiritual messages that provoke and inspire. In a world where advertisements are as abundant as flies and just as annoying, marketers must find a way to rekindle consumers’ interest in products. Mark eters need to find a way to not just coexist with culture, but to become it. In order to become a part of culture, marketers must make advertisements not just tolerable, but almost desirable. ThisRead MorePositioning Strategy For The Marketing Program830 Words   |  4 Pagesrefers to the act of distinguishing a brand in customer’s minds relative to a competing brand in terms of the benefits and attributes that the brand offers, Keegan and Green (2005). According to Aaker and Shansby (2001), positioning goes far beyond the image that a marketer may want to conjure up in the mind of customers. Positioning can be viewed as a principle asset to a brand strategy, as all elements of the marketing program can potentially affect the effectiveness of any positioning strategy. A clearRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Marketing On Consumer Behavior1629 Words   |  7 Pageshugely beneficial to any business due to the valuable additions they provide to traditional marketing approaches. By using an e-marketing approach to selling products and gaining brand awarenes s, businesses are producing great results in regards to their growing relationship between the brand and the consumer. In order to discover how exactly the growth of the internet alters the relationship between brands and consumers then the characteristics of the internet, the market environment, communicationRead MoreEffectiveness Of Print And Television Advertisements Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Effectiveness of Print and Television advertisements, a Comparative study of the same brands on different media vehicles.† - Ayushee Bhatnagar Abstract In the age where technology has made things easy and convenient there are some things that have become complicated but necessary, same are the case with advertising. For the advertising companies, reaching to their target audience has become a complicated task. A significant shiftRead MoreCase Study : Green Power Marketing Plan Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagestrainer/assessor on ‘Green Power Marketing Plan’ and devise and document your responses on the following points: ï‚ § Give a brief review on marketing strategies and marketing plans from the case study. Green Power’s strategic plan is to become world number one human-powered products that help increasing the standards of life for the poverty people in the world. Currently Green Power is offering two product lines, the Green Bike and Green Light, the company will continue to develop its brands and develop its productRead MorePlan The Integration Of Promotional Strategy For A Business Or Product Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesbudget for an integrated promotional strategy. LO- 4.2: Carry out the development of a promotional plan for a business or product. LO- 4.4: Use appropriate techniques for measuring campaign effectiveness. The personal care brand CINTHOL started 1952, in India as a first deodorant and complexion soap brand by Godrej. The philosophy of CINTHOL has summarized in the word â€Å"Alive is Awesome†. With this motto, CINTHOL mission is giving people incredible experience any other sides of the world. CINTHOLRead MoreAn Effective Advertisement For A Company s Brand Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesAnother power of humorous advertisement is its ability to build a company’s brand by adding value to it and ensuring a lasting customer relationship. In fact, humour is one of the best tools that businesses can use in their advertisements to build their brand. Primarily, a brand is an intangible asset that differentiate companies, and humour is commonly associated with increasing brand awareness. A company’s that has a strong brand is more likely to be more powerful in the market. Therefore, the

Locke Founder of British Empiricist Free Essays

John Locke had a number of major influences on society in general, but his influences on education have stood the taste of time. His idea of Tabula Rasa, his introduction of empiricism, and idea of the use of all senses are all objectives that are used in schools today. The idea of Tabula Rasa is basically defined as a â€Å"blank slate. We will write a custom essay sample on Locke: Founder of British Empiricist or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Locke believed that everyone is born with a clean mind, a supposed condition that he attributed to the human mind before ideas have been imprinted on it by the reaction of the senses to the exterior world. â€Å"Thus the first capacity of human intellect is that the mind is fitted to receive the impressions made on it; either through the senses by outward objects; or by its own operations when it reflects on them. This is the first step a man makes towards the discovery of anything†¦Ã¢â‚¬  -John Locke (On Ideas as the Materials of All Our Knowledge) Locke considers the new mind as white paper or wax. It is to be moulded and formed as one pleases. It is up to the teacher to insure that it is formed the correct way and that there is no inate knowledge. This is incorporated into education the grade system. Children start out in kindergarten or pre-school with a blank slate; we start teaching the very basics as if they know nothing. The more information and experience they gather, the further they move along the grade continuum. Locke was considered the founder of British empiricist. He believed that all knowledge comes to us through experience. â€Å"No man’s knowledge here can go beyond his experience.† Basically, all knowledge has its origin and end in experience, or perception using the senses. He says, â€Å"Experience is twofold, sensation and reflection. From both sources we obtain ideas.† Sensation is the perception of external phenomena and reflection is the perception of the operations of the mind itself. This view of empirical thinking is widely used in schools today, especially in the science fields. Concepts and skills are much easier to learn if you can experience them. The empirical way of teaching has brought about the use of the scientific method. First, students must observe a situation and decide if there is a problem. Secondly, make an educated guess, or hypothesis, of what will happen. Next, test this hypothesis. If it is true then draw a conclusion. If not, make a new hypothesis and test again. This is a very valuable way to learn. The students get to experience the whole situation and will in tern retain and understand this information better. Along with using empirical methods of learning, Locke insisted that all the senses be used when learning. It is not enough for a teacher to just stand in front of a classroom and lecture; students are only using one sense (hearing) to try to comprehend the material. Locke feels that you must hear, feel, see, smell, taste everything in order to get the full potential knowledge. This is very relative to today’s teachings because we, as teachers, need to appeal to all learning styles. Some students learn better visually, others orally and so on, so we have to hit all area in order to give all students an equal chance to learn. In closing, John Locke was a very significant figure on how we educate children today. He gave us the idea of starting students with a clean slate, the use of the scientific method, and the essential use of all the senses. All these ideas are important aspects of today†s classroom and will most assuredly be a continued use in the future. How to cite Locke: Founder of British Empiricist, Papers

Asian American Market Essay Research Paper Part free essay sample

Asiatic American Market Essay, Research Paper Part I # 8220 ; Everything you know about the Littleton violent deaths is incorrect. But the truth may be scarier than the myths # 8221 ; ( Cullen 1999, p. 1 ) . This is the rubric of an article that claims that # 8220 ; what was reported last spring about the motivations and methods of slayers Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold was untrue # 8221 ; ( Cullen 1999, p. 1 ) . The inquiry that arises from this claim, is how can that be so? How can the # 8220 ; most ill-famed events from the hiting fling # 8211 ; reported over and over in intelligence studies, on Television confab shows and now in a bestselling book # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( Cullen 1999, p. 1 ) be false and in fact, to merely hold neer occurred? Using critical logical thinking rules from English philosopher, Anthony Flew, one may get down to understand why everything we learnt through the media about the Littleton violent deaths may good be wrong. This paper will concentrate on one # 8220 ; myth # 8221 ; # 8211 ; the slayers were portion of the Trench Coat Mafia. It will utilize two critical concluding rules from Flew ; viz. Denying the Consequent/Affirming the Antecedent, and Confirming the Conseqent/Denying the Antecedent, to understand # 8220 ; the truth # 8221 ; behind # 8220 ; the myth # 8221 ; . The two male childs responsible for the violent deaths were said to be portion of the Trench Coat Mafia. Apparently, 18 pupils from Chatfield High School associated with the group, were identified as familiarities of Harris and Klebold. # 8220 ; They were sort of friends of periphery members # 8221 ; said one research worker ( Cullen 1999, p. 3 ) . Klebold was known to have on a trench coat on occasion. However, territory spokesman Rick Kaufman stated, that # 8220 ; no pupils can remember of all time seeing Eric wear a trench coat, other than one time, this past autumn [ 1998 ] , other than the twenty-four hours of the shot # 8221 ; ( Cullen 1999, p. 4 ) . In add-on, the decision made by research workers was that the slayers were non seeking to arouse some reverberation of the Trench Coat Mafia by have oning their hallmark coat on the twenty-four hours of the shot. Alternatively, the research workers believe that # 8220 ; the ground they wore coats was for logistical, practical grounds # 8221 ; ( Cullen 1999, p. 4 ) . Despite of this slightly sensible decision, administrations such as Sears and CNN, continuously associate the Littleton slayers to the Trench Coat and its # 8217 ; Mafia. For case, CNN Headline News was late mentioning to # 8220 ; the two Trench Coat Mafia teens who were responsible for the Columbine High School slaughter last April # 8221 ; ( Cullen 1999, p. 3 ) . English philosopher, Anthony Flew states that # 8220 ; for if from any hypothesis # 8230 ; you can validly infer some effect # 8230 ; and if the effect therefore validly deduced is false, so it follows needfully that the hypothesis itself must be false, excessively. One must make up ones mind whether merely to abandon the hypothesis or whether alternatively to re-explain it so that it does non imply the sort of effect which one had thought to be validly deduced therefrom # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 33 ) . Associating this to the association of the slayers to the Trench Coat Mafia, so one will reason: Since the slayers were # 8220 ; sort of friends of periphery members # 8221 ; and Klebold was known to have on a coat on occasion, and since they wore coats on the twenty-four hours of the violent deaths, so it follows needfully that the slayers were portion of the Trench Coat Mafia. One must accept this statement as valid. But the research workers have denied the truth of the conditi onal propositions, which map as the premises of that statement. # 8220 ; The signifier of the statement, and it is a valid signifier, is: If This is so, so That is so ; but That is non so ; hence, This is non so either # 8230 ; Putting # 8230 ; symbolism to work # 8230 ; we can show the present valid signifier of statement as follows: If Ps so q, but -q, hence -p # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 34 ) . However, there are two other signifiers that must be distinguished from this valid signifier. The first of the two invalid signifiers is if one lets the conditional propositions be granted, so # 8220 ; the premises so far provided do non prevent the possibility of some alternate account # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 35 ) . The 2nd invalid signifier is # 8220 ; that such conditionals say nil about the state of affairs on the alternate premise that their ancestors are non true # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 35 ) . Flew proposes four possible moves to do with such conditional propositions: two valid and two invalid. First, the valid move of If p so Q, but -q, hence -p. In other words, # 8220 ; Denying the Consequent # 8221 ; ( Fle tungsten 1998, p. 35 ) . If the slayers were â€Å"kind of friends of periphery members† , and Klebold was known to have on a coat on occasion, and they wore coats on the twenty-four hours of the violent deaths, so the slayers were portion of the Trench Coat Mafia. However, the slayers were neer portion of the Trench Coat Mafia as concluded by the research workers. The research workers are â€Å"denying the consequent ( the â€Å"then† spot ) of the conditional to confute the ancestor ( the â€Å"if† spot ) : hence, Denying the Consequent† ( Flew 1998, p. 35 ) . Second, the invalid move of â€Å"Affirming the Consequent† ( Flew 1998, p. 36 ) . The slayers were portion of the Trench Coat Mafia because they were â€Å"kind of friends of periphery members† , Klebold was known to have on a coat on occasion, and they wore coats on the twenty-four hours of the violent deaths. If p so Q, but q, hence p. This invalid move affirms â€Å"the consequen t in the groundless hope of thereby turn outing the ancestor: hence, Confirming the Consequent† ( Flew 1998, p. 36 ) . Third, the valid move of â€Å"Affirming the Antecedent† ( Flew 1998, p. 36 ) . The slayers were â€Å"kind of friends of periphery members† , and Klebold was known to have on a coat on occasion, and they wore coats on the twenty-four hours of the violent deaths, so the slayers were portion of the Trench Coat Mafia. If p so Q, and P, hence Q. This valid move involves confirming â€Å"the ancestor in order to turn out the consequent: hence†¦Affirming the Antecedent† ( Flew 1998, p. 36 ) . Fourthly and eventually, the invalid move of â€Å"Denying the Antecedent† ( Flew 1998, p. 36 ) . If p so Q, but -p, hence -q. If the slayers were â€Å"kind of friends of periphery members† , and Klebold was known to have on a coat on occasion, and they wore coats on the twenty-four hours of the violent deaths, so the slayers were porti on of the Trench Coat Mafia. However, research workers have concluded that they were more â€Å"outcasts† of the group than â€Å"friends of periphery members† and â€Å"the ground they wore coats was for logistical, practical reasons† . Therefore, the slayers were neer portion of the Trench Coat Mafia. The research workers are denying â€Å"the ancestor in the groundless hope of thereby confuting the consequent: hence†¦Denying the Antecedent† ( Flew 1998, p. 36 ) . Were Harris and Klebold of all time portion of the Trench Coat Mafia? # 8220 ; If such and such a proposition is true when it follows that, and we may validly infer that, some other proposition is besides true # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 138 ) . The investigtors are believing the # 8220 ; other proposition # 8221 ; , whereas administrations such as Sears and CNN are disregarding it. The research workers, whom are bring forthing an official study about the slaughter, say that Harris and Klebold were neer portion of the Trench Coat Mafia. # 8220 ; Whereas the truth of such a validly drawn tax write-off does non vouch the truth of the premiss from which it is therefore validly deduced, its falseness does resolutely show the falseness of that premiss # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 138 ) . Klebold and Harris did non wear coats to arouse some reverberation of the Trench Coat Mafia. They wore coats for logistical and practical grounds ; in fact to cover the # 8220 ; dashing armory of arms # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; military web gear # 8221 ; they harnessed. ( Cullen 1999, p. 3 ) . The research workers reached the sensible decision that Klebold and Harris were neer closely involved with the Trench Coat Mafia. This decision disagrees with # 8220 ; the myth # 8221 ; put frontward by most of the media covering the calamity. Neverthelesss, one must convey to mind T.H. Huxley # 8217 ; s observation that # 8220 ; The great calamity of scientific discipline # 8212 ; the murder of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 37 ) . In other words, no unfastened proposition can of all time be confirmed with # 8220 ; matching decisive conclusiveness # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 37 ) , without echt counterexamples projecting uncertainty. A point of view about scientific discipline by Sir Karl Popper is some solace. He is quoted as authorship that scientific discipline is # 8220 ; a affair of eternal nisus and of eternal enquiry # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 37 ) to make the point at which # 8220 ; even Homer sometimes nods # 8221 ; ( Flew 1998, p. 38 ) . Cullen, Dave. Everything you know about the Littleton violent deaths is incorrect. But the truth may be scarier than the myths. Salon.com: Sept. 23, 1999. Flew, Anthony. How to believe heterosexual: An debut to critical logical thinking. New York: Prometheus, 1998. Macke, Frank. Reading images. Macon, GA: Mercer University, 1999. Toulmin, Stephen. The utilizations of statement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958.

The Demarcation Issue free essay sample

The boundary between science and pseudo science, better known as the demarcation issue has been in debate for decades between philosophers of science in order to find the basis on which this separation can exist. The likes of Karl Popper initially introduced the demarcation criterion called falsificationism which states that falsifiability is the logical possibility that an assertion can be shown false by an observation or a physical experiment[l] and it was on this beginning that Popper was able to make the distinctive separation of science from pseudoscience. However f Poppers approach was taken into consideration, many scientific discoveries would have been impoverished, since the theory behind the discovery would have been deemed a pseudoscience due to the lack of proof and experimentation supporting it. Paul Thagard, Imre Lakatos and Thomas Kuhn are some of the strongest opponents of the model of falsificationism. Poppers demarcation has been critisized for its disregard for legitimate science and for allowing pseudoscience the eminence of a science. We will write a custom essay sample on The Demarcation Issue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay contrasts the ideologies of Karl Popper with the 3 philosophers ith regards to certain scientific discoveries which consequently reveal the inadequacy of falsificationism as a demarcation criterion. Karl Popper described the demarcation problem as the key to most of the fundamental problems in the philosophy of science. [2]The scientific revelation that contradicts Poppers proposal is Isaac newtons concept of gravity. Gravity through newtons explanation is an invisible, mass less, attractive force between objects that have mass. [3] It is what keeps humans on earth and the earths orbiting of the sun. With regards to Popper he theory of gravity is in fact a pseudoscience since it is simply a question of how can one undergo a physical experiment or observation in which newtons theory of gravitation can be refuted? The lack of proof to support this theory is the principle of Poppers disregard to gravitation as a scientific discovery. On the contrary, Paul Thagard disapproval of Poppers ideology is prominently seen here, as Popper so hastily disregards the theory of gravitation. Thagards approach states that a scientific theory is deemed a pseudoscience if it has been less progressive than lternate theories over a long period of time and thus solves many unsolved problems. [4] His thesis does not neglect experiments altogether. Accordingly a theory us only considered a pseudoscience if it is left to stagnate thus portraying minimal progression in comparison to alternatively proposed theories. When this is compared to Poppers idea of separation between science and pseudoscience, regardless if a theory is falsifiable Thagard implies that if progress is not made and it is left to degenerate it only then is namely a pseudoscience. Therefore we should ake newtons law of gravitation into consideration. Although there is little confirmation that gravity at all exists, the mere fact that it has made significant scientific progression and hence was later used as a foundation of other scientific manifestations. With reference to Thagards proposal, newtons law of gravitation is appraised a science. Evidently Poppers falsificationism criterion would have in fact delayed crucial scientific progression due to its strict paradigm as opposed to Thagards neglect of the intrinsic features of a theory. And hence promotes a more alsificationism as demarcation criterion. The history of science from Kuhns view paints a picture very different from that of positivists like Karl Popper, he criticises Poppers idea and states that his falsifiability criteria fails to characterise science as it is actually practice. Kuhns proposed thesis suggests that true scientific practice consists of puzzle solving with the current accepted theory, by contrast pseudoscience do not provide this framework for progressive research. There are more difference between Popper and Kuhns ideologies on the methods of alsificationism, where Popper argues that the hallmark of science is its decisive approach and thus always trying to falsify itself. Kuhn on the other hand asserts quite the opposite it is when everybody agrees on the basic theories that the scientific discovery will rise from the ground. For instance, Kuhn and Popper are critical of whether or not astrology is a science. From Poppers perspective it cannot be, since the claims astrologers present are very vague and nothing can be refuted. Kuhn on the other hand suggests that astrologers have actually acknowledged many ailed predictions and that these failures were much explained. The exact configuration of constantly moving stars and planets as well as the exact time of a persons birth is too difficult to calculate perfectly. [5] If this was viewed in a much simpler analogy, the factors that contribute to lung cancer are too complex to determine, that we cant actually predict with uttermost certainty that smoker will definitely get cancer, however it is still correct to say that smoking causes cancer and that medical studies of smoking and lung cancer are scientific. For that reason is its lear that Poppers demarcation of science and pseudoscience is not effective. Imre Lakatos attempted to explain Kuhns work in falsificationists terms by arguing that science progresses by the falsification of research programs rather than specific universal statements of naive falsification. In Lakatoss approach a scientists works in a research program which corresponds to Kuhns paradigm. Whereas Popper rejected the use of ad hoc hypothesis as scientific, Lakatos acknowledged their position in the development of new theories. Furthermore the discovery made by Thompson that all matter presents both wave and particle like features[6] is another scientific discovery that has created conflict between the views of Popper and Imre Lakatos. Light was always believed to delineate wave like characteristics, however when Thompson first revealed that in fact matter could exhibit both types of properties the original theory was considered a pseudoscience. The stringent standard of falsification does not allow for any error to occur within theories. In fact falsificationism does not question the reliability and validity of the experimental ethods and whether or not they were carried out correctly, but rather objects to the theory itself. Additonally if we were to examine Lakatoss proposal on the demarcation issue, he states that scientists do not give on a theory because some counter evidence is found. Instead either the evidence is put into question or the same ad hoc hypothesis is appealed to for rescue. [4] From Lakatos thesis of separation, Thompsons claim is considered a science for the reason that he not only made an ad hoc hypothesis but rather was able to further prove that light also xhibited particle features. All through his paddle wheel and Maltese cross experiments and wave like features thoroughly through the use of a magnetic field. proven false based on observation and experimentation indicates its inadequacy as a demarcation criterion as it does not adhere to the wave particle scientific theory. Poppers ideologies suggest that a theory is a pseudoscience if it cannot be refuted. The demarcation that separates the two sciences is built on a very distinctive basis for the remaining philosophers. Analysis of Newtonians ideas suggest that the latter iscoveries would have been delayed since there were many attempts to falsify Netwons theories. Which in turn would have belated the findings of Neptune and prevented the progression of the kinetic theory of gases. Consequently the establishment of the quantum theory would also have ceased to exist since the understanding of mechanics would have been disregarded had Poppers idea of falsificationism and demarcation were taken into account. All these scientific revelations have led to great inventions and further scientific advancements. The quantum theories through mathematical laws were in fact able to provide scientists he reasons for the way in which a black body radiates heat[6]. According to Popper the only way that science can advance is when one conjectures then another refutes. If there is no refute or it is considered insufficient then it is not taken into consideration as scientific progression. If this approach was to be followed a great deal of knowledge would be lost as Popper doesnt allow time for a theory to prove its accuracy. It is there evident that falsificationism is not adequate as a demarcation criterion. Scientists will go to great lengths to defend their paradigm against alsification, by the addition of ad hoc hypothesis to existing theories. Paul Thagard, Thomas Kuhn and Imre Lakatos are the strongest adversaries of the theory of falsificationism which provides the indication that there is still much philosophical work to be done on the demarcation between science and pseudoscience. Falsificationism is inadequate as a demarcation criterion as it hastily disregards theories presented without giving them the time to prove their validity. Also it has been criticised for disregarding Justifiable science and for giving pseudoscience the status of being science.

Criminal Tendencies essays

Criminal Tendencies essays Say the word marijuana and people immediately associate it with something: crime, druggies, lack of motivation, or other negative connotations. For far too long in American culture millions have believed propaganda about marijuana, spread by the government, without ever educating themselves. Marijuana, which comes from the cannabis plant, is not nearly as harmful as it has been made out to be. Opponents scream that smoking pot kills brain cells and gives cancer to users. Alcohol kills brain cells, is an addictive drug, and is legal. Tobacco gives cancer to users, is an addictive drug, and is legal. Pot smokers are often stereotyped as being unmotivated, burned out failures, despite many avid users from all avenues of life. Success depends on the individual, not the hobby in which they indulge. Furthermore, many events, including movies, music, and even sex can be enhanced through the euphoric feeling attained by smoking cannabis. Essentially, smoking marijuana is a victimles s crime that enhances everyday activities without hindering personal successes. Marijuana, when inhaled, gives the user a euphoric feeling which includes an altered perception of time and distance, intensified sensory experiences, and increased laughter. Ironically, euphoric is defined as a greater state of happiness and stems from the Latin word euphoros, meaning healthy. It was legal in this country until 1937, when the government passed the Marijuana Tax Act, which required tax stamps to obtain marijuana that were never supplied. The government feared that cannabis would compete with newly invented synthetic fiber, and thus they began spreading negative propaganda about marijuana. Because of this propaganda, peopl associate marijuana with harsher illegal drugs such as cocaine and heroin. However, it is important to separate marijuana from this group. Marijuana is naturally grown, harvested, dried, and smoked, much like tobacco. Cocaine and ...

Poverty in Afica ( Ghana) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Poverty in Afica ( Ghana) - Research Paper Example For this reason Africa has poised to become the next frontier of economic growth, yet Ghana and many other African nations have continued to remain in poverty. Majority of the citizens are still in the poverty and a significant proportion has continued to enjoy chronic extreme poverty. In Ghana 28% of the population is living conditions of extreme poverty (Owusu and Mensah, 2013). In this paper therefore, I will be exploring some of the reasons behind Ghana state of poverty despite possessing vast natural resources. Ghana continues to remain poor yet the country is home to vast mineral deposits, arable agricultural land and many other natural resources that are vital to economic development. At a time when manufacturing industries in the Europe, china, Japan, America and beyond are sourcing raw materials almost entirely from the African continent, Ghana and many other nations in Africa have no viable industrial or manufacturing economy beyond agro processing and production of raw materials. This situation can be looked at from different perspectives. Firstly, some have argued that Ghana and the entire Africa lacks knowledge on what can be done with the vast wealth in terms of oil, minerals and gas deposits. It can as well be argued that Ghana does not place any economic value at all to the rich mineral resources. Yet it can also be argued that that Africans are traditionally non-capital oriented and as such they derive satisfaction from just the surface value rather than what lies beneath their natural resource wealth. The most important issue here is that Africa and Ghana in particular is a net exporter of raw materials and this translates into transforming economic benefit for its citizens as would be if it were converting these raw materials into finished products for export. The biggest problem facing Ghana with its rich natural resource base revolves around the capability of converting the resources on a mass scale into finished

Communication eassy 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication eassy 7 - Essay Example Earliest films were very short, often just a minute or ten, one or two reels and eventually it goes up to 2 hours. (The Birth and Early Development of   the  Motion Picture,by Robert P. Brooks, Bulletin of the Passaic County Historical Society, April 1959). We can see a gradual development in the field of motion picture. Several inventors set up their projector machine in make shift halls and projected moving pictures on a screen. The ides of longer film with story began in 1895. The man named James .H White produced a picture 500 feet in length. It was called ‘American Fireman’. Today motion pictures have predisposed both in maintaining social order and powerful agents of change. Films are cultural artifacts formed by special cultures. Motion pictures have been a great influence in the cultural field. It affected the society too much. When motion pictures transformed from black-and –white to colour in U.S in the 1950’s the sensors struggled much to eli minate erotic imagery, and immoral treatment of sexuality. Many directors of that time violated the moral side of film industry. A good example for such film is â€Å"Lady Chatterleys Lover†, banned by New York censorship board in 1957. (Vaughn). Nudity, explicit sexual behavior, profane language, gratuitous violence, and themes of promiscuity, homosexuality, abortion, drug use, etc were the chief characteristics of the films of that time. The year 1968 marked tremendous changes in U.S. film industry. A new system of Production Code has been adopted that prevented the government censorship. Censors edited the films before they reached the theatres. A kind of spiritual and moral progress was visible in the films of 1930’s and it also promoted high social life and enlightened thinking. Those Films which were not acceptable to the social morality were severely opposed by the Roman Catholic Church and they were banned in the

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Communication - Essay Example It is therefore important to effectively correspond to all stakeholders on appropriate strategies and objectives for calamity control procedures. This paper describes the five critical assumptions of an effective disaster communication strategy. To understand the five critical assumptions of an effective disaster communication strategy, it is important to posit that these strategies are based on the divergent stages of an effective calamity management procedure. Disaster management is categorized into various stages i.e. mitigation, preparedness, responses, and recovery stages. Consequently, a useful calamity communication plan of action has five basic postulations. According to Haddow, Bullock and Coppola, these include â€Å"customer focus, leadership commitment, inclusion of communication in planning and operations, good information, and media partnership† (134). Customer focus Studies done in the past have elucidated the fact that an effective disaster control structure is ought to focus on the consumer. In other words, the first priority should be to benefit the consumer. According to Haddow, Bullock and Coppola, an efficient disaster control structure considers the requirements and desires of the consumer and necessitates all stakeholders to be alert, quick to respond, and instructive. It is of significance to consider the fact that the consumers of a disaster control procedure are varied and may comprise workers or employees from international organizations, national institutions, governments, as well as a number of additional stakeholders associated with calamity control. It may also comprise o local individuals. Available sources posit that information relayed to each of the consumers affected must be on the basis of individual or institutional requirements (135). Leadership commitment According to Haddow, Bullock and Coppola, the initial stages a successful disaster control plan of action is established or instituted in participation and involv ement of the individuals involved in decision making within the body or institution involved in the process. Decision makers in the body conducting the operation must be loyal in terms of giving out and publicizing facts associated with the impending calamity. It is also important to involve decision makers in other related bodies and stakeholders as well as the local leaders in propagating all the facts of the calamity. This is attributed to the fact that articulate discharge of the relevant and useful facts regarding an impending calamity is important and hence individuals with necessary communication skills such as local leaders of the involved body are ought to be involved (135). Decision makers in a calamity situation are also ought to candidly encourage, approve, and support effective sharing and exchange of facts and information among all the stakeholders. Preparation and implementation It is also of importance to posit that dedication and loyalty of decision makers in disast er correspondence in relation to forecasting, preparation, and necessary procedures is critical. An expert in correspondence matters should therefore be involved and be incorporated or integrated in the decision-making group. Discharge of relevant information and facts of an impending calamity as well as other plans of actions geared towards mitigations procedures has been made less complicated by the use

Copper Recovery Methods From Metallurgical Waste

Copper Recovery Methods From Metallurgical Waste REVIEW OF COPPER RECOVERY METHODS FROM METALLURGICAL WASTE Apurva Patel, Prof. Nimish Shah Abstract: Copper is one of the most used metals in recent developments and demand of this red metal is increasing with passing of each day. Production of copper is 12 million tons per year and copper reserves are expected to run for 25 years with the estimated world copper reserves of 300 million tons. Recovery of copper from metallurgical waste is a trend that is being followed from beginning of industrial age and has many developments over a large time frame. Out of all the copper used in existing process, 2 million tons of copper is utilized with recycling of copper waste. Copper ore reserve contribution of India is limited and extended up to 2 percent of world reserve. We can say that copper has a large amount at our reserves but excavation is not as simple as it seems. Copper content in the raw mines is ranging from 0.5 to 1 percent. Even after recovery of copper there is large waste generated at the end of the process. Copper content in the waste is up to 0.3 percent at the dis charge. Ultimately around hundred times of waste is generated for recovery of one part of copper. That pushes forward the need of recycling copper from metallurgical waste to cater the need of increasing copper demand. Copper recovery from high copper containing metallurgical wastes like brass industries are generally dealt with smelting process. In such case large amount of energy is utilized to just melt down all the material. This process has a limitation of copper content i.e. if copper content is low then all the energy is utilized in melting of undesired material. Demand for electroplating of copper has increased significantly. Low efficiency or improper process handling causes remarkably high copper content in waste discharge, which is over the range of discharge criteria of heavy metals. So to control the increasing price of metals and to limit the use of fresh copper, recycling must be done so the recovery from waste also gives the advantage of being in range of the allowab le government legislations. Though these hazardous heavy metals in electroplating waste having concentration high enough to give harmful impacts to environment but convincingly low concentration that is not enough to recover these metals effectively. In this paper, overview of different methods for copper recovery is illustrated and justified the selection of different methods over different copper content of various sources. Keywords— Copper extraction, Copper recovery, Electroplating, Recycling, I. INTRODUCTION Increasing demand of copper gives elevated chances for generating copper waste from different industries. There are thousands number of industries existing which includes utilization or processing of copper. In this paper, review of several most copper containing waste and most optimum copper recovery methods are described. Waste source is targeted which gives better possibilities of copper recovery and ease of operation. Several metallurgical source like; brass slag, copper converter slag, electroplating waste, bonze scrap and pickling solution is included in the study. II. Copper recovery from Copper slag There are different verities of slag produced from smelters for non-ferrous production. Major emphasis is given to copper slag as it has equal to or higher copper content compared to raw copper ore. Generation and utilization of copper slag has higher environment impacts compared to steel and iron slag as they contain remarkable quantity of heavy metals with higher solubility. Chemical composition of copper slag varies with different origins. Chemical composition is given as per Shen Forssberg, 2003[1] in table 1. TABLE I Chemical composition of copper slag There are specific three methods to recover copper from copper slag; Floatation, Leaching and Roasting Floatation Barnes (1993) [2] has given industrial floatation process at Mount Isa Mines Limited to recover copper from copper slag. Grinding operation is applied until obtain the granular size of 80%- 74  µm before floatation. Floatation is also feasible for magnetite present in the raw copper slag, so hydroxy ethyl cellulose is used in the process as a depressant of magnetite impurities. MIBC is used in the process as froather agent and sodium sec-butyl xanthate is used as a collector of copper from the waste. The result of this process gives concentrate grade copper with high percentage as 42.54%. Overall yield of such process is 82%. This experiment is observed for copper slag containing 3.7% copper. In this experiment most of Co is observed with floatation tail. Mainly, copper slag floatation is somewhat similar with sulfide ore floatation because of the fact that only metallic copper and sulfide minerals from the copper slag can only be effectively floated. In other slag copper is usually observed under oxide state and Co and Ni are also in oxide state because of its homogeneous distribution in the slag. So the stated method will not be utilized effectively with Co, Ni and oxide copper state. Therefore the span for the floatation process is reduced in size as less quantity of Co, Ni must be present in the slag or copper must not be in the form of oxide. Leaching Leaching is used with some leachants mainly hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride, ammonia, sulphuric acid etc. Basire at al anand at all [3]. In the initial era cyanide was also used but it was terminated because of its harmful effects to environment. Leaching is positively influenced by addition of H2O2, or leaching with Cl2/Cl system, or pressure leaching. Figure 1 shows effect of H2O2 on leaching of copper based on the experiments of Base metal recovery [4] Figure 1. Kinetics of copper recovery Graph showing metal recovery with highly oxidising agent like H2SO4 for copper slag. Experiment is carried out with 10% solid in solution and particle size less than 100  µm. Experiment is carried out at 70 oC and pH maintained at 2.5 with applied H2O2 at 35 L/(h.t) Pressure leaching has broadly described by anand et al [4]. Study shows that with pressure leaching and use of dilute H2SO4 recovery of copper about 90% achieved from copper converter slag from the initial concentration of 4.03% Cu. Roasting Roasting is actually one intermediate step which involves the process for converting the copper in desired form that can be easily separated from the raw material. After application of roasting, Leaching or floatation must be used to achieve desired separation. If we narrow down the process criteria then we can say a lot more specific term as sulfate roasting instead of roasting. In this process conversion of cupper cobalt ant nickel is taking place and transformed into more feasible soluble sulfates. Raw material is processed at 200-600 oC by addition of sulfide or sulfate agents. Then these soluble sulfates are dissolved in water and easily separated from slag. Some of the agents used in the process are, (NH3)SO4, H2SO4, H2S, pyrite etc. Sulfurization reactions are summarized as bellow. Cu2O + H2S = Cu2S + H2O †¦(1) 2Cu + H2S +  ½ O2 = Cu2S + H2O †¦(2) Sulfides of copper are then easily converted to soluble copper sulfate with roasting at 600oC. Ziyadanogullari used this method to treat copper slag containing 2.4% copper. By sulfurization in closed system with 140oC for 1 hour and then heating and roasting with 600oC for 360 minutes gives better result for recovery of copper up to 99.2%. SCHEMCON-20141 | Page

Alcoholism and Drinking - Alcohol and Personality :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Alcohol and Personality    Alcoholism is a road often traveled yet there is no light at the end. The road only leads to a life of depression, anxiety, anger, stress, and much more. These are all common unwanted personality traits that we experience at one time or another. However, alcoholics exhibit these traits day in and day our as the likelihood that they act in these types of manners is nearly doubled when alcohol is involved. Alcohol inhibits not only our daily bodily functions but our mind as well. Alcoholism leads to times of withdrawal, low self-esteem, and an overall unwillingness to be part of society. It can turn the gentlest person into a raving psychopath without them even knowing it or if they do know, they refuse to admit it. Alcoholism manipulates the way we think and the way we react in common everyday situations. Minor problems are blown out of proportion while major problems are faced with anger, resentment, and often physical force. Alcoholism does nothing positive for an individual. It has many harmful effects and its effects on one's personality is one of the most harmful of all.    Our personality is who we are and who we are known as. Alcoholism takes that personality, corrupts it, and turns us into the person we never thought weà ¾d become. As the alcohol becomes more important and necessary in an alcoholicà ¾s life he will find himself unable to any longer answer the question of who he is but will rather find himself asking questions such as who he has become. At first, an individual may enjoy an occasional beer or two to à ¾take a load offà ¾. This does not have a permanent adverse effect on his personality. However, as time goes on, if this same person finds himself relying on alcohol to make it through the day, the problem has started. Before he knows it he will find himself psychologically dependent on alcohol and stages will develop. First, he may need a drink before he goes to bed to make him sleep better. Next, he may need to have a beer or two during his lunch break at the office because he has a lot on his mind. Finally, heà ¾ll find himself dr inking as a means of solving the simplest problem or needing a drink before he can even feel comfortable in public. Once this point in the alcoholic cycle is reached, his personality will begin to change as it takes on a new, distorted shape.

Globalized World Essay

â€Å"The modern Company has spread its brains – its center of excellence. It really is a citizen of many countries rather than a citizen of one†. Do you agree with the statement? I agree with the above statement. The above statement truly talks about the globalization and being in the globalized world. Globalization refers to the increasing unification of the world’s economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas. The goal is to increase material wealth, goods, and services through an international division of labor by efficiencies catalyzed by international relations, specialization and competition. It describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through communication, transportation, and trade. Talking about the positive and negative side of globalization, it continues to be divisive subject among political activists, academics, business leaders, and policymakers. Some look at the rapid economic and political changes taking place around the world and see injustice. Others observe these same changes and see progress. On both sides of the debate, however, much of the discussion takes place among elites. What do average citizens around the world think about the powerful global forces transforming their societies? Survey research suggests that most people embrace the idea of a globalized world, even if cautiously. Globalization had also increased the competition among different companies in different countries. People are striving to make their countries better and richer. With globalization, there are chances that the developed countries will take over the developing and underdeveloped countries. It is better to take up measures to meet the needs of everyone in order to live peaceful and comfortable life. Some people are finding it difficult to cop up with globalization. With the proper use of modern technology, communication can be made easier and there will be more integration of different companies in the world. The movement of people has also become one of the most important things due to globalization. In the years companies started recognizing and valuing the workforce. They started considering people as assets to increase the productivity. Hiring competent and qualified employees are thought to be the basic ingredient for growth. E. g. Employees of Microsoft come from various different sectors. An organization is a collection of several human and non-human entities. People are different and vary in their thoughts, views, and opinions. An organization tries to hire the best and competent employees through all across the globe. In an organization we can find employees coming from several cultural and socio-cultural backgrounds. So we can say that it really is a citizen of many countries rather than a citizen of one organized together and working together. This has become possible only due to globalization. Hence we can conclude that organizations who thing that the world is a single global network and thereby understanding the fierce competition, lifestyles and culture of different countries will help them to thrive for excellence and ultimately will lead them to achieve their desired goals.

Criminal Profiling Essay

Criminal profiling involves analyzing the scene of a crime and then use the information gathered from the analysis to determine correctly the identity of a perpetrator. This method of identifying perpetrators is very useful though it does not assist an investigator in getting the name of the perpetrator it helps narrow down and thus makes it easier to identify a criminal. (Dennis, 2006) Some of the pertinent issues that criminal profiling helps in bringing out include but not limited to the sex of the perpetrator, the background of a person in terms of ethnic community, age and personality. This profile is then used to single out a criminal among several people who appear to match with some of the features identified in the profile. One may wonder just how does criminal profiling work? Normally experts examine the manner in which a particular crime is committed. This is commonly referred to as the method of operations. Usually the experts will take the identity of the victims and then examine what the suspected criminals have in common especially in terms of the likely weapon that was used to commit the particular crime in question. The other issue that the experts look at is the brutality or hostility that was used during the commission of the crime in question by the perpetrator. Existence of torture or any form of hostility is yet another trait that experts look for when using the criminal profiling method. One student in an American University during a lecture asked her professor why he believed that the criminal profiling method actually works in identifying a perpetrator in a criminal act. The professor gave a precise answer and stated that thorough research has been carried out over the years and there have been conducted some interviews even with convicts who have helped prove the workability of this method. There are two main ways that are used to come up a criminal profile. One of the methods is one that is commonly used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation known as criminal scene analysis. This method involves a number of steps which include profiling inputs. This basically involves gathering evidence in terms of anything that was found in the scene of the crime. The second step usually is to put the evidence together and try to see if there is any common aspect in the crimes committed by the suspects. Crime assessment and investigation follows and it is after that some apprehensions can be made based on the investigations. The second method is the behavioral evidence analysis. This method was developed by Brent Turvey who argued that when a crime is being investigated there are a lot of discrepancies that rise from all the gatherings that are made by the investigative team. The first step is forensic analysis which involves analyzing physical evidenced gathered which may involve taking photographs and videos of the crime scene and having interviews with some of the victims of the crime who may be alive. Victimology is the nest step and involves creating a profile for a victim which in turn helps identify the criminal responsible. The third step is examining keenly the features and characteristics of the scene of crime as this is said to give a leading clue on who the suspect could be. The last step is combining the first three steps discussed and it is this combination that helps the investigators come up with a criminal profile. According to Turvey a crime ought to be analyzed in four main steps to ensure that the information gathered by the investigative team does not bear any discrepancies. Criminal profiling has in several instances been criticized as a source that lacks credibility on the basis that it is based on speculations. However experts state that according to research that has been conducted for several years now, criminal profiling has a considerably high level of credibility. Profiling involves a number of phases. The initial phase in every criminal profiling is known as antecedent which involves attempting to figure out the plan or the fantasy that the perpetrator of a crime had prior to the commitment of the crime. Basically this phase of criminal profiling involves an attempt to unearth the motive behind the commission of a crime by the perpetrator. The second phase is known as method and manner and involves examining the target group that the perpetrator was aiming at in the crime committed and more so the manner in which or better still the method used to commit the crime in question. Brent, 2002) The third phase in criminal profiling is known as body disposal and is common in murder cases. This is where experts attempt to examine where the scene of crime is the same with the place where the body was dumped or whether the crime was committed at a particular place and then the body dumped in yet another place thus introducing the concept of multiple. (Davis, 2007) Post offense behavior is the final or the last phase in criminal profiling and it is quite tricky. Post offense behavior involves investigating behavior of criminals especially after commission of crimes. Normally some criminals try to hide their identity by pretending to be part of the investigating team. Experts must therefore use their expert knowledge to single out criminals who pretend to be assisting in the investigation process yet they are the suspects. Having examined in great depths what criminal profiling is all about, it may be of paramount importance to address the issue of whether criminal profiling has managed to shape up chance. Basically by making this analysis we are able to know whether criminal; profiling does any play any vital role in helping to identify criminals in a given crime in question. In simpler terms using criminal profiling as a method of identifying criminals what are the chances of identifying the suspect responsible in the criminal act at hand. In the beginning of the twentieth century, criminal law took a new twist with criminal profiling slowly shaping chance. Majorly what changed during the twentieth century was the inference in terms of probability. During this century actuarial methods changed. One thing to note that it is not the risk analysis and actuarial thinking that actually changed but the inferences in terms of probability. The actuarial methods got more refined so that using the criminal profiling method one can be sure that the identity of a particular perpetrator is correct. In conclusion therefore it is correct to state that over the year and more so after the twentieth century, criminal profiling is slowly gaining acceptance as reliable method of correctly identifying perpetrators of crimes. This is because it has been studied and proved that it shapes chance so that the probability of a person to be the suspect of a crime in question having been pointed out by the criminal profiling method is very high.

How to Work Full-Time and Fit in Vacations

How to Work Full-Time and Fit in Vacations Joanna Niles, a lifestyle and travel blogger, wrote about traveling while working full time over at the HuffingtonPost this week. I thought her tips were great- practical and strategic- and my husband and I used many of the same approaches when we plan travel a few  times a year. Look at the calendarSince I teach workshops and college-level courses, my schedule is bound by the academic calendar. This means I can travel a lot in early and late summer, I have a lot of time in January, and I always have a few 3- and 4-day weekends during the fall and spring.Chances are if you work for a corporate or government employer, you have a variety of paid and national holidays to make the most of, too. Not every trip is a week-long extravaganza- we’ve done weekend jaunts to San Francisco, Philadelphia, Portland, Maine, and have a trip to New Orleans coming up at the end of the month. It’s surprising how refreshing and enjoyable a brief visit can be. You can also be more efficient with your vacation days by adding on one before or after a long weekend.TelecommuteNormally, you’d be working during the day and perhaps socializing at night. Maybe you can work out an arrangement where you can take that format on vacation with you, too. Another option is to work after the family goes to bed or before they’re up in the morning.This tip has the potential to backfire since you can also be pursued by work long after you’re ready to unplug, but if you’re disciplined about allowing and restricting access (yours, and your coworkers!), a vacation where you spend an hour or two emailing and coordinating in the morning and then go about your day can be great for making your getaway productive.This summer I had to take a pile of grading to the beach, and the first two days of our trip were divided between lounging on the sand and marking up papers on the balcony. Sure, I wanted to be spending more of my time on the boardwalk, but the alternative w as postponing our much-anticipated vacation just for a deadline, so it turned out to be a worthwhile compromise.Plan AheadWhen my husband and I first got together, he hated the way I liked to plan six months or a year out, but now he appreciates that if you don’t get a head start on planning trips, you can miss out on awesome seasonal opportunities or experiences that sell out as soon as they become available to the public.Don’t forget to set aside some vacation time around the holidays! My first year of working full-time, I didn’t anticipate that my company wouldn’t just automatically close on important â€Å"eves.† If my boss hadn’t been generous about commuting my sick time, I would have had a sad solitary holiday weekend alone in my apartment instead of back in my hometown.Be FlexibleThat said, sometimes you have to just get that price alert in your inbox, click through, reserve your flight and grab a weekend bag. If budget is the most i mportant factor in your ability to travel, get yourself on the mailing list of sites like The Flight Deal and Airfare Watch Dog and stay tuned as rates rise and fall during the various tourist seasons.Where you go is more important than when you go anyway, and remember how nice a quick weekend can be- fly out Friday after work, enjoy Saturday and part of Sunday, and maybe go in a little late on Monday.How to Travel with a Full-Time JobRead More at Huffington Post

Aboriginal Contributions to Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aboriginal Contributions to Canada - Essay Example Since the time the aboriginals have been living in Canada, they have also been a great source of contribution to the country. They have significantly contributed in the field of agriculture, geography, literature, military, arts, fur trade and medicine. This paper primarily focuses on the contributions of the aboriginals in Canada with regards to medicine. Aboriginal Population Statistics In 2001, there were 3.4% aboriginals who lived in Canada from which 62% were North American Indian while 30% were Metis and 5% were Inuit. The largest populations of the aboriginals in Canada lived manly in the provinces names of which are Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan.  However, the projections that have been made with regards to the aboriginal population in Canada tell that there would be 1.39 to 1.43 million people by 2017 and therefore, they would represent 4.1% of the entire population in Canada. Moreover, the population is expected to increase by 1.8% on an an nual basis and this is because of the aboriginal birth rate which is 1.5 times higher than the Canadian birth rate (CBC NEWS, 2006).   Aboriginal Traditional Medicine Traditional medicine plays a very vital role and is an essential for of First Nations health. However, it has not been given much importance by the health care system. A holistic model is used by the traditional medicine and its purpose is to ensure wellbeing by integrating a variety of aspects that include emotional, physical, mental, and spiritual aspects. Although there is a variation between the specific tribes, all tribes practice medicine on the belief that man is a part of nature, and health should be balanced. This is the reason why land and its offerings are respected. Importance of using environment for foods which were traditional and medicines was understood by the traditional elders. Today, there are many alternative medical models that analyze health and body like traditional medicine did. Moreover, sam e philosophies are followed by alternative medical models which relate to well being of the human bodies and the environment (FNHC, 2011). There are various principles philosophies with regards to the treatment of whole person which include body, mind as well as spirit through health and well being. Things such as plant, animal and mineral are used to make medicines. Moreover, the aboriginals have passed their knowledge and expertise to their future generations that have developed the ability of diagnosing and treating various conditions. Therapies such as â€Å"Naturopathic Medicine† can be accessed and can be used as alternative to conventional care. However, the federal government of Canada does not fund traditional medicine. In certain situations when individuals visit practitioner of alternative medicine are covered but naturopathic physicians do not bill the government. This is the reason why it has become challenging for the patients to opt for health care which they p refers. Besides this, it has also become challenging for the clinics who need to hire the traditional healers (Elias, 1991). It was known to the women in the first nations which included the Inuit and the Metis that traditional healing can play a great deal for us, our families as well as for our communities. Since traditional healing is important, the government of Canada has also recognized it. Although aboriginal medicine is becoming more and more important, there are still a lot of improvements that need to be made. Traditional healing provides treatment to the mind, body as well as the spirit. This approach is very much

The United States Embargo on Cuba Research Paper

The United States Embargo on Cuba - Research Paper Example It was the year 1492, when Christopher Columbus had sailed out to the ocean blue. He came across an island which was enriched with beauty so fascinating that he had never seen it before. As years went by, the Island of Cuba gradually developed into one of the most booming and substantial Latin American nation with specialties like lush plantations, coffee and its all time favorite tobacco. However, on the other hand, for almost a period of 50 years, the Caribbean nation has continuously been engaged in this courageous battle that involves its super power neighbor, the United States of America.1 In an ongoing effort towards the so called nationalization of private property in Cuba, America has performed one of the longest travel and as well as economic blockades against any specific nation. Finally after passing away of a 50 year’s milestone, global community seems to be almost united with a belief that these sanctions against Cuba have actually failed drastically. A step furth er, the world is now wondering as to why these American policies continue to this day. To gain a full understanding to the conflict between the United States and Cuba, we must talk about the situation that prevailed well beyond this recent 50-year deadlock and analyze aspects that emerged after the Spanish-American War. In 1898, Cuba emerged as a territory of the US, along with Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico. Not much time had passed that in the year 1902, Theodore Roosevelt who was then the US President permitted Cuba to declare its independence as a free state. However certain terms and conditions were applied. He made an agreement with the new formed government, securing two of the major advantages. One, America holds the right to oversee Cuba’s financial and international affairs. Two, he also asked for leasing of a naval base located at Guantanamo Bay.2 As we further look into the provisions and focus on the enlarged scope of the embargo, it is noticed that the United States had placed its initial sanction and restriction on the country, Cuba in the year 1960. This was done via restrictions placed on the importations of sugar cane from Cuba. This first sanction was imposed as an answer to the step taken by the Cuban government of nationalization of foreign assets as well as other organizations. This angered the United States as most of these businesses belonged to the citizens of the United States. Since then, the US government authorities have extended such sanctions against Cuba. As a result, today it can be observed that the trade embargo has eventually broadened into an entire comprehensive set of financial, economical and commercial sanctions which are documented within regulations such as Act of 1917: Trading with the Enemy, Act of 1961: Foreign Assistance, Assets Control Regulations of Cuba (1963), Cuban Democracy Act (Torricelli Act 1992), The Trade Sanctions Reform (2000), and the 2000 Act of Export Enhancement.34 Several other sanction s and restrictions were further imposed due to which this Cuban embargo is known as a â€Å"comprehensive set of US sanctions† imposed on a nation. The restrictions that were imposed in the embargo had major impacts on the social and basic rights of people. This set of so called laws helped towards deprivation of Cuba from availing technological developments, medicines, substances for purifying water, food as well as electrical power. Not only this, economic rights were also neglected and added to the negative impact of the embargo. It extensively affected the environmental and socioeconomic aspects of

In Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

In Economic - Essay Example After losing job, consequently, people lose their sources of income. Therefore, to characterize the degree of the working population, the term "unemployment rate" - the ratio of the number of people to the value of national workforces – is used. One can distinguish three types of unemployment. Frictional unemployment is generated by a constant rate of population movement between areas, from profession to profession. Such unemployment exists even at full employment due to job changing and looking for the best work (it is often regarded as voluntary unemployment). Structural unemployment results from technological changes in the economy, long-term shifts in consumer demand or relocation of jobs from one district to another. In this case, even skilled workers remain jobless. Cyclic unemployment is caused by a generally low demand for labor in all sectors and regions; such type of unemployment is a result of slowdown in economic activity in the country. In general, such involuntar y unemployment negatively affects the morale of man; it is also harmful for the psyche. Unfortunately, this type of unemployment prevails in the United Kingdom nowadays. The country is still getting through the effects of the recent world’s crisis, which occurred in 2008 and resulted in large-scale global economy recession. Suffice it to recollect the strikes occurred against the backdrop of a sharp rise in unemployment in the UK (the strike of workers of a refinery plant in Lindsey, Lincolnshire, 2009; the strike of employees of a steel mill in Corus, Redcar). In 2009, there were nearly 2 million unemployed people in the UK (Trading Economics.com, 2009). It is believed that there is so-called natural (normal) unemployment rate, which determines the maximum possible level of employment. In the United Kingdom it is 4 % (Trading Economics.com, 2011). The downsides of unemployment in the UK are the lag of GNP, compared to the amount that the society would have at its potential, loss of income for lots of people, loss of national output, uneven distribution of the costs of unemployment among different social groups, a great many of workers lose their skills. â€Å"High unemployment has an impact on government expenditure, taxation and the level of government borrowing. An increase in unemployment results in higher benefit payments and lower tax revenues. If any person is unemployed, he or she receives benefits, consequently - pay no income tax. It is obvious that when people spend less, they contribute less to the government in indirect taxes. This rise in government spending along with the fall in tax revenues may result in a higher government borrowing requirement (so-called public sector net cash requirement)† (Davidson, 2009). Office for National Statistics UK unveiled data on unemployment in the country (February - April 2011). The unemployment rate for the three months is to remain at the level of January - March and will make 7, 8%, according to analysts (UK National Statistics, 2011). Past two years, countries around the world pursue a policy of fiscal stimulus package, unprecedented in scope - at least for a time of peace. In Greece, the USA, India, Britain and some other states budget deficit exceeded 10% of GDP (UK National Statistics, 2010). Naturally, â€Å"this is a classic Keynesian response to economic downturn - when demand in the private sector is reduced, the state must fill the gap to prevent economic collapse†

Voluntary Unemployment Essay Example for Free

Voluntary Unemployment Essay Throughout the history of the United States immigration has played a big role. In fact, the birth of the US came about because of Europeans that immigrated here for religious freedom. From those small settlements came towns and cities, built by immigrants. But not all migrated here for religious freedom. Many came on wishes for a better life or to pursue business deals. As early as 1610, Italian craftsmen were brought here to by the Virginia Colony to start the glass trade. So regardless of their drive, people have immigrated here since the beginning of the history of the United States and still continue to. Americans encouraged relatively free and open immigration during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and did not think anything of that policy until the middle 1900s. After some states passed immigration laws following the Civil War, the Supreme Court ruled in 1875 that the regulation of immigrants is a federal responsibility. As the number of immigrants rose in the 1880s and economic conditions in certain areas worsened, Congress started to use immigration legislation. The Chinese Exclusion Act was one such example. Under this act, passed on 6 MAY 1882, states the coming of Chinese laborers to this country endangers the good order of certain localities within the territory thereof. As a result, Angel Island was set up to detain and question Chinese Immigrants. Between this act and the Alien Contract Labor laws of 1885 and 1887, certain laborers were prohibited from immigrating to the United States. Also in used was the more general Immigration Act of 1882, which charged a head tax of fifty cents on each immigrant, and bar the entry of idiots, lunatics, convicts, and persons likely to become a public charge. Also passed were the Alien Acts of 1885, 1887, 1888 and 1891, prohibiting the immigration to the U.S. of persons entering the country to work under contracts made before their arrival. In 1888 provisions were adopted to provide the expulsion for aliens. All these immigration laws soon created the need for a Federal enforcement agency. In the 1880s, state board or commissions enforced immigration law with direction from U.S. Treasury Department officials. At the federal level,  U.S. Customs Collectors at each port of entry collected the head from immigrants, while Chinese Inspectors enforced the Chinese Exclusion Act (at Angel Island). Congress soon expanded the list of excludable classes, and as a result when the Immigration Act of 1891 barred polygamists, persons convicted of crimes of moral turpitude, and those suffering loathsome of contagious diseases from immigration, it also created the Office of the Superintendent of Immigration, located in the Treasury Department. Under the 1891 law, the Federal Government assumed the task of inspecting, admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking to the United States. The Immigration Services (IS) first task was to collect arrival manifests (passenger lists) from each incoming ship, a responsibility of the Customs Service since 1820. Also enforcing immigration law was a new Federal function, and the 1890s witnessed the Services first attempts to implement national immigration policy. Operations began in New York Harbor at a new federal immigration station on Ellis Island, which opened 2 JAN 1892. The largest and busiest station for decades, Ellis Island housed inspection facilities, hearing and detention rooms, hospitals, cafeterias, administrative offices, and representatives of many immigrant aid societies. The station also employed 119 of the Services entire staff 180 in 1893. During its first decade at Ellis Island and other ports, the Service formalized basic immigration procedures. Inspectors questioned arrivals about their admissibility and noted their admission or rejection on manifest records. Detention guards and matrons cared for those people detained pending decisions in their cases, or those awaiting deportation. Often, aliens were excluded because they lacked funds o had no friends or relatives nearby. Congress continued to exert Federal control over immigration with the Act of 2 March 1895, which upgraded the Office of Immigration to the Bureau of Immigration and changed the agency heads title from Superintendent to Commissioner-General of Immigration. The Act of 6 June 1900, further merged immigration enforcement by assigning both Alien Contract Labor law and Chinese Exclusion responsibilities to the Commissioner-General. (In 1902, the Chinese Exclusion Act was extended for and indefinite amount of time.)  Also, since most immigration laws sought to protect American workers and wages, and Act of 14 February 1903, transferred the Bureau of Immigration from the Treasury Department to the newly created Department of Commerce and Labor. Attention then turned to naturalization; a duty assigned to Congress by the constitution but carried out by any court of record since 1802. A commission charged with investigating naturalization practice and procedure reported in 1905 that were was little or no uniformity among the nations more than 5, 000 naturalization courts. Congress responded with the Basic Naturalization Act of 1906, which framed the rules for naturalization in effect today. The 1906 law also proscribed standard naturalization forms, encouraged state and local courts to relinquish their naturalization jurisdiction to Federal Courts, and expanded the Bureau of Immigration into the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization (INS). After the creation of the INS, a few more Immigration Acts or revisions were passed (1906-1910). Procedural safeguards for naturalization were enacted in 1906, in which knowledge of English was a requirement. Also the Immigration Act of 1907 extended the restrictions of earlier acts by using synonyms for criminals and the insane. Section One of the act was aimed at keeping Japanese and Koreans out of the Gentlemens Act between the U.S and Japan. While the Congress continued to strengthen national immigration with this act, a Presidential Commission investigated the causes of massive emigration out of Southern and Eastern Europe and a Congressional Commission reports later influenced the writing and passing of future acts, such as the Immigration Act of 1917, which required that immigrants be able to read and write in their native language. Although the United States of America is referred to as the melting pot, which it is, it did not achieve that name without numerous acts and laws restricting or containing immigration. Despite what people may think, with out some of these acts, the U.S. could have been subject to extreme over-population. However, it can be argued that the time during 1875 and 1910, there where an excess of acts passed which now would be considered  extremely discriminative and racist. The final word is that immigration continues to this day with restrictions to keep it over control, and they are needed.

Uses and Gratification Theory

Uses and Gratification Theory Before undertaking any form of production, or even to monitor the output of media text that has been generated, some sort of audience research has to be undertaken to measure the output of that particular product, for the purpose of this essay, I will be focusing on uses and gratifications, and the availability on the internet and the ability to record programs. Uses and gratifications theory first came to light in the 1940s, with the height of radio broadcasting, but later developed further in the early 70s with Katz, Blumler and Gurentich. The sudden interest came to light with having the first generation to grow up with a wider range of media abundance, the opportunity to have, print, radio and most of all television. The majority of the research that was conducted in the audience research environment was more focused on the effects of media exposure rather than what is done with the media text to the environment it is broadcasted to. Having this open question allowed for researches to have the ability to look in to the way the people deal with this text and what in turn is done with it. the social and origins of needs which generate expectations of mass media or other sources which led to differential patterns of media exposure, resulting in need gratification and other consequences, perhaps mostly unintended ones(Bulmer, j, Katz, E, 1974) Uses and gratification theory was developed to ask how mediated text is used by the consumer, rather than what media dose to the consumer (Katz, E. 1959), the theory asses the users as a active audience member rather than a passive one, this mean that the user will use specific text to gain the valuable knowledge that they are actively seeking from the program or text that they may be consuming for a purpose (Katz, E et al 1974) The approach suggests that people use the media to fulfil specific gratifications. This theory would then imply that the media compete against other information sources for viewers gratification. (Katz, E., et al, 1974) The rise of media available to the general public has become overwhelming, from newspapers to the internet, In turn the audience becomes more dependent on media and the consumption of it, this also means that there is no specific scheduling and timetabling of programs, with the rise of being able to plus or record programs allows the independent user to be able to watch programs that they feel interested in and in turn to use this to generate the gratification method, through the information that they have gathered from the consumption of that text. Blumler and Katz believed that the media text available was used in many different ways, all depending on the individuals preferences to as why they have chosen to openly accept this information that has been generated by the producer, this in short shows that the user has the ability to chose what they want to be exposed to, and in turn this gratify the users need, be it social or informational. (The Uses of mass communication; current perspectives on gratification theory, Katz, E et al 1974) Critics use to refer to the audience as passive, ignoring the fact that they are more able to chose what they what to consume, uses and gratifications sees them more as an individual and able to reject information that they see as not to be necessary to their daily life, knowledge allows the user to be more socially accepted, having information to use in streams at work or social gatherings. The flip side is that, the individual uses the role of media to generate some sort of escapism, to substitute part of time to immerse them selfs in text that may in some ways resemble their lifes, and generates satisfaction to be portrayed in a mass text, this is where the programming timetable that they have made using the plus system comes in to play to create a personal stimulation or enjoyment through the content that has been gathered for entertainment purposes, with the technology that is available in this day and age. (Morley 1992). Either way the information that each individual may receive from the information that they may have seeked out or stumbled upon can be decoded in different ways, this is all down to the way each person interprets that information to meet there needs (Blumler and Katz 1974). The content that is put together by the produce to send out a specific meaning can be decoded in many ways, this is down to many aspects of that person(s) life, it could result in the way they are bought up and the influence that are attachà © to that upbringing, also added to the social class that they are from and the people that they may be associated with, and finally the more wealthier they are can also result in what they may be exposed to and how they take it in, (www.rlwclarke.net). Uses and gratification is a method that allows for a progressive approach in audience research, but with limitations, this area focuses more on the individual, and the way they are affected by the text that they are exposed to, allowing for the individuals point of view, but with the internet and the more use of recorded programming, the over sighting of scheduling has changed, this could mean that the exposure to material is down to the persons preference, and the dismissing of others, i.e. sops because they may feel as though it is a waste of time and references them in no way. With the rise of the internet and the ability to record shows, allows for the user to generate their own gratifications from the chosen exposure of material, allowing the individual to immerse them selfs in the word of their choosing, social escapism is the way that everyone can be in there little cave and gather information that will become useful to their daily lifes, be it for work or social interaction. With the availability of multiple media platforms, allows for the individual to become more dependent on their expose to their specific media preference, this means that the person will become media oriented to be knowledgeable in their social environment, also at the same time dismissing those that do not portray them (Ball-Rokeach, et al 1973) Altered the structural relations among traditional media such as print and broadcast and unites them around the defining technologies of computer and satellite (Carey, 1998) To end it will be easy to say that, every day the choices available seem overwhelming to an individual that, but searching for the information that you may be interested in is not, have the ability to have a internet enabled phone or, a broadband enabled pc, will allow for quick and on the move dosage of knowledge. This builds for a framework to start the daily day of before being socially intractable with the foundations of things to talk about, or with feeds being directed to your mobile then accessing face book to arrange meetings and gathering information of others. For example I like dance music, so I might access the internet to find new information on musicians or DJs, and this will then in turn be repeated in my social group as a conversation started. To match ones wits against others, to get information and advice for daily living, to Provide a framework for ones day, to prepare oneself culturally for the demands of Upward mobility, or to be reassured about the dignity and usefulness of ones role. (Katz, Blumler, Gurevitch, 1974)

Develop a Business Plan Before You Buy a Website :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Develop a Business Plan Before You Buy a Website Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com In recent years, I've written a number of business plans based on ideas I've had for various websites. Most of these ideas were small, but I learned a great deal just writing the plans. I didn't proceed with those websites because either the market or cash flow wouldn't support them. However, the only way for me to know this was by writing the plans. Completing the initial plan for my current website was time-consuming. I spent about 40 hours over a three-week period researching and writing it. It's a living document, since I revise it every month or two. Free Web resources, plus word-processing and Excel spreadsheet software, allowed me to create a unique plan. The resources I used included VotanWeb and the Small Business Administration's site. The business-planning software programs that provide templates to insert your information seemed "cookie cutter" and formulaic to me. They didn't seem to offer anything that wasn't free on the Web. The first half of a business plan is geared towards developing and supporting a business strategy. A website can face serious competition if the business concept is not creative. I critically examined my market, industry, customers and competitors. I reviewed the benefits of my current merchandise and tied them to customer needs. I visited my competitor’s websites to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses and find opportunities they were neglecting. I asked myself: Is there a niche that allows me to compete less directly against similar websites? Can I use different sales or marketing pitches? Is there a secondary market that can help us grow? Can I position my websites in new ways that offer customers additional benefits? The Financial Picture A balance sheet shows a website's net worth and is prepared once annually. In my business plan, I also included a personal balance sheet that showed my personal financial commitment by documenting my own assets and liabilities. A cash-flow statement shows how much cash will be needed and when and where it will be generated. It examines cash and revenue sources, minus the business's expenses and capital requirements (a cash-flow statement differs from a profit-and-loss statement because it doesn't include when the revenue is collected or expenses paid). I show my cash flow going forward on a 12-month basis. This allows me to see when my cash flow might not be adequate to meet expenses and pull back on spending until it builds up again.

Course Integration Proposal: Architecture and Entrepreneurship

Why have you chosen to incorporate these classs?Entrepreneurship as it relates to get downing and constructing a successful concern. â€Å"Entrepreneurship is the procedure of chance acknowledgment and resource acquisition that leads to the creative activity of something new.† To use Entrepreneur’s head set in the chase of Architecture can be helpful if seeing the broad array of originative chances a individual can make with an architectural grade.What will you make to incorporate the classs?Understand the value of entrepreneurship in architecture and the design professions to society. Identify and critically analyze major issues in entrepreneurship. Identify some of the taking figures in entrepreneurship and diverse design. Present prospective calling way in a manner that communicates efficaciously for future prospective.How will you demo that you have successfully completed the integrating ( i.e. , presentation, research paper, or other signifiers of certification ) ? You should confer with with your module on effectual and appropriate options for this.A paper with appropriate survey and diagram to demo the Entrepreneurship in Architecture. Abstraction Entrepreneurship as it relates to get downing and constructing a successful concern. â€Å"Entrepreneurship is the procedure of chance acknowledgment and resource acquisition that leads to the creative activity of something new.† To understand and use Entrepreneur’s head set in the chase of Architecture can be helpful if seeing the broad array of originative chances a individual can make with an architectural grade. The Value and demand in architecture entrepreneurship to society today is altering radically. So identifying chances and alterations today, critically analyze major issues in entrepreneurship. Besides identify some of the taking figures in entrepreneurship and diverse interior decorators in recent events. To present prospective calling way in a manner that communicates efficaciously in usage of diagrams, artworks, and instance survey for prospective hereafter. How does one learn and fix for the forthcoming of entrepreneurial activity that may potentially convey impact the tomorrow’s society? And how does instruction convey one to the province of doing something from nil a pattern of procedure that can be taught and larn to put to death? Those necessary tools, mentions, resources, and procedure for get downing a concern from enterpriser category has taught me a lesson. The Search for bing successful theoretical account with leading, attitude towards the universe, organisation, and larning behaviour in invention of creativeness through instruction is cardinal to the kernel. I think the importance of the definition of being an Entrepreneur â€Å"a individual who will take duty for he/she wants it that way.† ( Kane John ) Not simply to merely hold thoughts, clip, and money to fire, but requires awareness, insight, and hazard taking to do it. It is meaningful because most people wanted to get down their ain concern may non hold the hazard taking preparedness or non even have the consciousness for what worst scenario for issue scheme to endorse up the dedication and finding. And the 3 Legged Stool construct for a successful company is non merely for concern. Annuity income, net income, and love what you do are the keys to success, about applies all from personal end, household, organizational, up to national and universe broad, that portions common involvements or non, those 3 keys motivates one another, runs like an engine towards a province of peace and security. Based on Keynesian economic system construction theoretical account today, the concern rhythm of roars and flops, and whoever can sit the tide could hold a appreciation on the hereafter insight trough enterpriser act. And understanding the enterpriser mentality is the first measure for be aftering to get down a concern. Unlike the environing existent universe Architecture has non change in a great spring in its indispensable building method and construct since the modernism in the 20th century, while industrial revolution followed by the flourishing engineering and scientific theory along with station war and population booming. The pattern of architecture is easy doing its ain advancement non wholly in the same gait, but yet the society is looking to designers to work out planetary jobs. We have an chance to utilize our problem-solving accomplishments to change the hereafter of civilisation and do money making it. But does the society need it? See architectural potencies of proposed concern program, or concern potency of proposed design. Patenting constructive item. But what recommends option A over B? What strategies exist in agreement for the demand by aiming demands and presuming a ne'er been built undertaking will make good to its bing context, civilization, and all other facets? It would be ex perimental of act along the manner. The designer is, one time once more, emerging as â€Å"leader† . Master Builders ( architect-led design/build services ) are retrieving from near extinction and offering services to the high-end, every bit good as mass market clients. Home programs are being designed by designers and offered as an option to the mass produced â€Å"builder† market. Advocates for â€Å"good design† have built really profitable concerns around evangelism for their cause. Skyscrapers and big urban graduated table planning led by the good weather-beaten economic system maneuvering the way of architecture resource up or down. Architecture depends on economic growing. When can architecture be wholly independent economically and bring forth wealth itself to the universe system? The â€Å"Tiltwallism† by Jeffrey Brown and Andrew Vrana in Matalab, both from an entrepreneurial act to emerge architecture and enterpriser. The renewed involvement in â€Å"green architecture† is making an wholly new market ready to be led by designers. Niche houses specialising in sustainable architecture and prefabricated places have emerged. These advanced manner brought back natural manner of edifice with nature basically brings in the act of entrepreneurial mentality. Entrepreneur Architects are forcing the boundaries of the traditional pattern but are they truly incorporating to a full extend in array of chances? Others are utilizing engineering to offer new or improved services in pattern. Many more are supplementing their work as designers with personal passions such as authorship, speech production or learning. Many retail ventures have besides been launched by designers, offering merchandises such as lighting, plumbing, furniture or accoutrements. Stating â€Å"Design is non doing beauty, beauty emerges from choice, affinities, integrating, love, † by Louis Khan, is truly true when it comes to what the universe truly needs to be satisfied, the true beauty would be delighting itself through the procedure of acquiring to the ultimate ideal province. The recycling stuff reuse to cut down natural stuff ingestion and impact on the natural environment as a motivational ethical statement, can bring forth the true usage of stuff meeting the demand with accommodating regionally applied constructional methods and stuffs. â€Å"Kengo Kuma, boldly declared that his ultimate purpose was to wipe out architecture’ so that his edifices became one with their surroundings† atomized, particallized construction.The Great Wall House by Kengo Kuma and he used locally produced stuffs wherever he could. The bamboo is a symbol of cultural exchange between Japan and China, , The stuff allows both light and air current to go through through and creates a brooding ambiance – transient and dependant on the alterations in the outside conditions. Shigeru prohibition dedication on reclaimable stuffs such as wood, paper for building, besides provide easiness of shelter for catastrophes such as earth temblor. Material usage in Japan Pavillion, Expo 2000 Hannover ( 2000 ) a†Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Curtain Wall House ( 1995 ) a†Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Centre Pompidou-Metz ( 2010 ) all demonstrate the entrepreneurial act of his gesture in today’s society.Exterior Bamboo Cladding The Ring Celestial Bliss in Taiwan was designed steel and bamboo construction looks like a elephantine radiance object hovering over the land. The designers at J.J. Pan & A ; Spouses used reclaimable steel, which serves as the primary structural system, and bamboo facing. The interior projection screen was made from recycled stuffs, while bamboo subdivisions were incorporated into the flooring. Construction stuffs were locally sourced, significantly cut downing transit C footmark. Idea to Product ( ITP ) has been the executing from imaginativeness to realisation. While architectural thoughts may sometimes be a phantasy for today’s engineering, advancement and hope to further land to realization lid by glimpse of visible radiation in 3D printing industry. The bally hereafter in 3D printing engineering brought us hope to get down a revolution non simply in architecture itself but many other facet of universe world in societal, economic, cultural, and environmental. Designed by Nervous System ( hypertext transfer protocol: //n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/kinematicsHome/ ) , Kinematic allows for the creative activity of necklaces, watchbands and earrings. Users can sculpt the form of their jewellery and command the denseness of the form. Designs created with Kinematicss can be ordered in polished 3D printed nylon in a assortment of colourss, which will be produced by a 3rdparty. Peoples who already have entree to a 3D pressman can download the STL file for place printing. Beyond the jewellery scope, Nervous System has besides been working on larger graduated table merchandises with more advanced package with broader practical applications, an illustration of which is a flexible frock that can be printed in one piece. Bing a portion of the google developer plan, utilizing 3D printing fictile stuff into vesture, the Kinematics frock demonstrates the ability of 3D printing for new attack in fabrication that integrate design in digital fiction from customization to realisation. The folding of apparels can be manipulated into signifiers and forms, manner and flexibleness in demand. â€Å" We refer to Kinematics as a 4D printing system because it generates tight objects that unfold into their intended form after printing, † by originative manager Jessica Rosenkrantz. Such daintiness in poly-geometric signifiers requires tremendous procedure power from computing machine hardware though executing of 3d parametric package, outlining inside informations in every small connexions between pieces should be fine-tuned. The frock had been acquired as lasting aggregation in the Museum of Modern Arts of New York as a certain affirmatory to the new fiction attack. But the downsides are besides obvious that productiveness velocity is a job where construction and method is still doing the prints procedure slow, material assortment is limited unlike natural silky or rage texture a tradition vesture may offer. It is cheaper comparison to competitor’s method in the market today but non yet a cost effectual and non low-cost to ordinary purchaser at $ 3,000 for a piece of frock. Finally, lower production cost to cheaper monetary value may replace the demand for alternate vesture option, where finally the populate usage of 3D-printing will intend everyone has the entree to a 3D pressman being able to publish their ain merchandise that may be redefining society’s demand and developing new alternate manner of life and life today. Computer scientist Yuichiro Takeuchi, who is trusting to do the universe a greener topographic point with 3D pressman, a specially designed package plan that prints incasements. The form of each incasement is first designed with a CAD plan and so printed with a type of narration. Following this, an fond regard on the pressman deposits bantam seeds into the incasement. Within hebdomads, the seeds begin to turn into workss. Takeuchi claims to be able to publish incasements in any form, equaling the imaginativeness of even the most originative garden interior decorator. The seeds grow within the incasements due to a procedure similar to aquicultures. This is a procedure whereby workss aren’t grown in dirt, but alternatively within a stuff that contains mineral foods. Vertical gardens, such as those famously designed by Patrick Blanc, are besides grown in this mode. But while traditional perpendicular gardens such as these can be considerable sums of money to put in and keep, Takeuchi believes that 3D printed workss will be cheaper and easier to turn. With a bigger and faster 3D pressman, Takeuchi hope to be publishing yarn incasements big plenty to turn fruits, veggies and trees, in the close hereafter, particularly when a clip of nutrient scarceness due to overpopulation may come in work stoppage, respond to environment alteration and demand of the universe is the indispensable to an entrepreneurial spirit. In trusting to do a large impact on Tokyo’s ecosystem by transforming left over concrete jungles into green surfaces, this attack can be using to the metropolitan country from densifying urban puting population, conveying back nature into the metropolis. â€Å"Here in Japan we love fire beetles, but as they can merely boom in pristine environments we don’t see them in dense, built-up Tokyo. I’m trusting that by put ining a figure of printed gardens on rooftops and walls throughout Tokyo, I can someday convey back fire beetles to my neighborhood.† Patric Blanc’s new populating wall installing at the Oasis of Aboukir in Paris. I have a dream that one twenty-four hours, a nuptials garnished and decorated with 3D printed nano stuffs that are reclaimable after life clip or non, customized to all attendant, for the best wants of all. Coming place to a welcoming 3D printed landscape garden that grows ain veggie and nutrient, and into the customized printed house that is free to spread out and modify its stuff conveying flexibleness to life. Family and friend could portion the unfastened beginning of designs amongst the common involvement to publish for their ain demand, while shopping is basically one chink off to publish the desire merchandise design to a finish without transporting! Which of class brings the â€Å"unintended consequences† , jurisprudence of unseen/seen causes of action brought by Frederic Bastia. And as Joseph Schumpeter indicates the â€Å"creative destruction† led to a new globalisation of logistic theoretical account. This twenty-four hours shall come shortly with the turning promotion of stuffs and engineering today.